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無縫鋼管是用鋼錠或?qū)嵭墓芘鹘?jīng)穿孔制成毛管，然后經(jīng)熱軋、冷軋或冷撥制成。無縫鋼管在我國鋼管業(yè)中具有重要的地位。據(jù)不統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國現(xiàn)有無縫鋼管生產(chǎn)企業(yè)約240多家，無縫鋼管機(jī)組約250多套，年產(chǎn)能力約450多萬噸。從口徑看，＜φ76的，占35%，＜φ159-650的，占25%。從品種看，一般用途管190萬噸，占54%；石油管76萬噸，占5.7%；液壓支柱、鋼管15萬噸，占4.3%；不銹鋼鋼管、軸承鋼管、汽車鋼管共5萬噸，占1.4%。
　　軋制無縫鋼管的原料是圓管坯，圓管胚要經(jīng)過切割機(jī)的切割加工成長(zhǎng)度約為1米的坯料，并經(jīng)傳送帶送到熔爐內(nèi)加熱。鋼坯被送入熔爐內(nèi)加熱，溫度大約為1200攝氏度。燃料為氫氣或乙炔。爐內(nèi)溫度控制是關(guān)鍵性的問題.圓管坯出爐后要經(jīng)過壓力穿孔機(jī)進(jìn)行穿空。一般較常見的穿孔機(jī)是錐形輥穿孔機(jī)，這種穿孔機(jī)生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好，穿孔擴(kuò)徑量大，可穿多種鋼種。穿孔后，圓管坯就先后被三輥斜軋、連軋或擠壓。擠壓后要脫管定徑。定徑機(jī)通過錐形鉆頭高速旋轉(zhuǎn)入鋼胚打孔，形成鋼管。鋼管內(nèi)徑由定徑機(jī)鉆頭的外徑長(zhǎng)度來確定。鋼管經(jīng)定徑后，進(jìn)入冷卻塔中，通過噴水冷卻，鋼管經(jīng)冷卻后，就要被矯直。鋼管經(jīng)矯直后由傳送帶送至金屬探傷機(jī)（或水壓實(shí)驗(yàn)）進(jìn)行內(nèi)部探傷。若鋼管內(nèi)部有裂紋，氣泡等問題，將被探測(cè)出。鋼管質(zhì)檢后還要通過嚴(yán)格的手工挑選。鋼管質(zhì)檢后，用油漆噴上編號(hào)、規(guī)格、生產(chǎn)批號(hào)等。并由吊車吊入倉庫中。


熱軋無縫鋼管	流體用無縫鋼管	大口徑無縫鋼管

無縫鋼管	異型無縫鋼管	石油裂化無縫鋼管

合金無縫鋼管	低中壓鍋爐用無縫鋼管	低溫管道用無縫鋼管

無縫鋼管的分類：無縫鋼管分熱軋和冷軋（撥）無縫鋼管兩類。
熱軋無縫鋼管分一般鋼管，低、中壓鍋爐鋼管，高壓鍋爐鋼管、合金鋼管、不銹鋼管、石油裂化管、地質(zhì)鋼管和其它鋼管等。
冷軋無縫鋼管除分一般鋼管、低中壓鍋爐鋼管、高壓鍋爐鋼管、合金鋼管、不銹鋼鋼管、石油裂化無縫鋼管、其它鋼管外，還包括碳素薄壁鋼管、合金薄壁鋼管、不銹鋼薄壁鋼管、異型無縫鋼管。熱軋無縫管外徑一般大于 32mm，壁厚2.5-75mm，冷軋無縫鋼管處徑可以到6mm，壁厚可到0.25mm，薄壁管外徑可到5mm，壁厚小于0.25mm，冷軋比熱軋尺寸。
無縫鋼管按照不同的用途可以分為以下幾個(gè)類別：
一般用無縫鋼管：這種無縫鋼管是用10、20、30、35、45等碳結(jié)鋼16Mn、5MnV等低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼或40Cr、30CrMnSi、45Mn2、40MnB等合金鋼熱軋或冷軋制成的。10、20等低碳鋼制造的無縫鋼管主要用于流體輸送管道。45、40Cr等中碳鋼制成的無縫鋼管用來制造機(jī)械零件，如汽車、拖拉機(jī)的受力零件。一般用無縫鋼管要強(qiáng)度和壓扁試驗(yàn)。熱軋鋼管以熱軋狀態(tài)或熱處理狀態(tài)交貨；冷軋以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。
低中壓鍋爐用無縫鋼管：這種無縫鋼管用于制造各種低中壓鍋爐、過熱蒸汽鋼管、沸水鋼管、水冷壁鋼管及機(jī)車鍋爐用過熱蒸汽鋼管、大煙管、小煙管和拱磚管等。用碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼熱軋或冷軋（撥）無縫鋼管。主要用10、20號(hào)鋼制造，除化學(xué)成分和機(jī)械性能外要做水壓試驗(yàn)，卷邊、擴(kuò)口、壓扁等試驗(yàn)。熱軋以熱軋狀態(tài)交貨、冷軋（撥）以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。
高壓鍋爐用無縫鋼管：這種無縫鋼管主要用來制造高壓及其以上壓力的蒸汽鍋爐管道等用的碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼、合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼和不銹耐熱鋼無縫鋼管、這些鍋爐管經(jīng)常處于高溫和高壓下工作、管子在高溫?zé)煔夂退羝淖饔孟逻€會(huì)發(fā)生氧化和腐蝕，因此要求鋼管有高的強(qiáng)度、高的性能，并具有的組織穩(wěn)定性，采用鋼號(hào)有：碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼鋼號(hào)有20G、20MnG、25MnG；合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼鋼號(hào)15MoG、20MoG、12CrMoG、15CrMoG、12Cr2MoG、12CrMoVG、12Cr3MoVSiTiB等；有銹耐熱鋼常用1Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni11Nb高壓鍋爐管除化學(xué)成分和機(jī)械性能外，要逐根做水壓試驗(yàn)，要作擴(kuò)口、壓扁試驗(yàn)。鋼
管以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。此外，對(duì)成品鋼管顯微組織、晶粒度、脫碳層也有要求。
地質(zhì)鉆探及石油鉆探用無縫鋼管：為探明地下巖層結(jié)構(gòu)、地下水、石油、氣及礦產(chǎn)資源情況，利用鉆機(jī)打井。石油、氣開采離不開打井，地質(zhì)鉆探用石油鉆探用無縫鋼管是鉆井的主要器材，主要包括巖芯外管、巖芯內(nèi)管、套管、鉆桿等。由于鉆探用管要深入到幾千米地層工作，工作條件極為復(fù)雜，鉆桿承受拉、壓、彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)和不均衡沖擊載荷等應(yīng)力作用，還要受到泥漿、巖石磨損
，因此，要求無縫鋼管管材具有足夠的強(qiáng)度、硬度、和沖擊韌性，鋼管用鋼用“DZ”（地質(zhì)的漢語拼音字頭）加數(shù)字一代表鋼屈服點(diǎn)表示，常用的鋼號(hào)有DZ45的45MnB、50Mn；DZ50的40Mn2、40Mn2Si；DZ55的40Mn2Mo、40MnVB；DZ60的40MnMoB、DZ65的27MnMoVB。鋼管都以熱處理狀態(tài)交貨。
石油裂化無縫鋼管：用于石油煉廠的爐管、熱交換器管和管道用無縫鋼管。常用碳素鋼（10、20）、合金鋼（12CrMo、15CrMo）、耐熱鋼（12Cr2Mo、15Cr5Mo）、不銹鋼（1Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti）制造。鋼管除得證化學(xué)成分和各種機(jī)械性能外，還要水壓、壓扁、擴(kuò)口等試驗(yàn)，及表面質(zhì)量和無損檢驗(yàn)。鋼管在熱處理狀態(tài)下交貨。不銹鋼鋼管：用各種不銹鋼熱軋，冷軋的不銹鋼鋼管，廣泛應(yīng)用于石油、化工設(shè)備管道和各種用途的不銹鋼結(jié)構(gòu)零件，除應(yīng)化學(xué)成分和機(jī)械性能，凡用作承受流體壓力的鋼管要水壓試驗(yàn)合格。各種無縫鋼管要按規(guī)定條件。

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