熱軋鋼管

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熱軋鋼管的清洗和預熱
在噴(拋)射處理前,采用清洗的方法除去鋼管表面的油脂和積垢,采用加熱爐對管體預熱至40一60℃,使鋼管表面保持干燥狀態(tài).在噴(拋)射處理時,由于鋼管表面不含油脂等污垢,可增強除銹的效果,干燥的鋼管表面也有利于鋼丸,鋼砂與銹和氧化皮的分離,使除銹后的鋼管表面加潔.
熱軋鋼管的制造
熱軋鋼管用連鑄圓管坯板坯或初軋板坯作原料,經(jīng)步進式加熱爐加熱,高壓水除鱗后進入粗軋機,粗軋料經(jīng)切頭,尾,再進入精軋機,實施計算機控制軋制,終軋后即經(jīng)過層流冷卻和卷取機卷取,成為直發(fā)卷.直發(fā)卷的頭,尾往往呈舌狀及魚尾狀,厚度, 寬度精度較差,邊部常存在浪形,折邊,塔形等缺陷.其卷重較重,鋼卷內徑為760mm.(一般制管行業(yè)喜歡使用.)將直發(fā)卷經(jīng)切頭, 切尾,切邊及多道次的矯直,平整等精整線處理后,再切板或重卷,即成為：熱軋鋼板,平整熱軋鋼卷,縱切帶等產品.熱軋精整卷若經(jīng)酸洗去除氧化皮并涂油后即成熱軋酸洗板卷.
熱軋和冷軋都是型鋼或鋼板成型的工序,它們對鋼材的組織和性能有很大的影響,鋼的軋制主要以熱軋為主,冷軋只用于生產小號型鋼和薄板.
一.熱軋
優(yōu)點:可以破壞鋼錠的鑄造組織,細化鋼材的晶粒,并顯微組織的缺陷,從而使鋼材組織密實,力學性能.這種主要體現(xiàn)在沿軋制方向上,從而使鋼材在程度上不再是各向同性體;澆注時形成的氣泡,裂紋和疏松,也可在高溫和壓力作用下被焊合.
缺點:1.經(jīng)過熱軋之后,鋼材內部的非金屬夾雜物(主要是硫化物和氧化物,還有硅酸鹽)被壓成薄片,出現(xiàn)分層(夾層)現(xiàn)象.分層使鋼材沿厚度方向受拉的性能惡化,并且有可能在焊縫收縮時出現(xiàn)層間撕裂.焊縫收縮誘發(fā)的局部應變時常達到屈服點應變的數(shù)倍,比荷載引起的應變大得多; 2.不均勻冷卻造成的殘余應力.殘余應力是在沒有外力作用下內部自相平衡的應力,各種截面的熱軋型鋼都有這類殘余應力,一般型鋼截面尺寸越大,殘余應力也越大.殘余應力雖然是自相平衡的,但對鋼構件在外力作用下的性能還是有影響.如對變形,穩(wěn)定性,等方面都可能產生不利的作用.
二.冷軋
是指在常溫下,經(jīng)過冷拉,冷彎,冷拔等冷加工把鋼板或鋼帶加工成各種型式的鋼材.
優(yōu)點：成型,產量高,且不損傷涂層,可以做成多種多樣的截面形式,以適應使用條件的需要;冷軋可以使鋼材產生很大的塑性變形,從而提高了鋼材的屈服點.
缺點: 1.雖然成型過程中沒有經(jīng)過熱態(tài)塑性壓縮,但截面內仍然存在殘余應力,對鋼材整體和局部屈曲的特性必然產生影響; 2.冷軋型鋼樣式一般為開口截面,使得截面的自由扭轉剛度較低.在受彎時容易出現(xiàn)扭轉,受壓時容易出現(xiàn)彎扭屈曲,抗扭性能較差; 3.冷軋成型鋼壁厚較小,在板件銜接的轉角處又沒有加厚,承受局部性的集中荷載的能力弱.
三.熱軋和冷軋的主要區(qū)別是：
1, 冷軋成型鋼允許截面出現(xiàn)局部屈曲,從而可以充分利用桿件屈曲后的承載力;而熱軋型鋼不允許截面發(fā)生局部屈曲.
2,熱軋型鋼和冷軋型鋼殘余應力產生的原因不同,所以截面上的分布也有很大差異.冷彎薄壁型鋼截面上的殘余應力分布是彎曲型的,而熱扎型鋼或焊接型鋼截面上殘余應力分布是薄膜型.
3,熱軋型鋼的自由扭轉剛度比冷軋型鋼高,所以熱軋型鋼的抗扭性能要優(yōu)于冷軋型鋼.


熱軋厚壁鋼管	大口徑熱軋鋼管

石油管道用熱軋鋼管	普通熱軋鋼管

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韓國熱軋鋼管與武鋼簽訂長協(xié)

無縫鋼管的分類用途

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